Overview
In this section we’re going to:
Install and load the R packages we need to run the analysis
Import our taxonomic abundance table into R
View a summary of our abundance table
We’re going to be running various commands in R. To do this, copy and paste the code into the R script you created, highlight all the code you want to run, then press the run button:
Install required R packages
Copy and paste the following code into the R script you just created, then run the code. This will install all the required packages and dependencies and may take 45 minutes or more to complete. It may prompt you occasionally to update packages - select 'a' for all if/when this occurs.
NOTE: you only need to run this section once if you’re running this analysis on your own laptop/PC, and you don’t need to run it if you’re using an rVDI machine as all the packages are already installed.
#### Metagenomics analysis ####
# When you see '## USER INPUT', this means you have to modify the code for your computer or dataset. All other code can be run as-is (i.e. you don't need to understand the code, just run it)
#### 1. Installing required packages ####
# **NOTE: this section only needs to be run once (or occasionally to update the packages)
# Install devtools
install.packages("devtools", repos = "http://cran.us.r-project.org")
# Install R packages. This only needs to be run once.
# Make a vector of CRAN and Bioconductor packages
bioconductor_packages <- c("VariantAnnotation", "biomaRt", "clusterProfiler", "org.Hs.eg.db")
cran_packages <- c("devtools", "tidyverse", "DT", "gt", "openxlsx", "dplyr", "scales", "ggplot2", "plotly", "tidyr", "ggsci", "viridis", "vcfR", "data.table", "remotes", "vegan")
# Compares installed packages to above packages and returns a vector of missing packages
new_packages <- bioconductor_packages[!(bioconductor_packages %in% installed.packages()[,"Package"])]
new_cran_packages <- cran_packages[!(cran_packages %in% installed.packages()[,"Package"])]
# Install missing bioconductor packages
if (!requireNamespace("BiocManager", quietly = TRUE))
install.packages("BiocManager")
BiocManager::install(new_packages)
# Install missing cran packages
if (length(new_cran_packages)) install.packages(new_cran_packages, repos = "http://cran.us.r-project.org")
# Update all installed packages to the latest version
update.packages(bioconductor_packages, ask = FALSE)
update.packages(cran_packages, ask = FALSE, repos = "http://cran.us.r-project.org")
# Install ampvis2 (needs to be installed from Github)
remotes::install_github("kasperskytte/ampvis2")
Load required R packages
This section loads the packages you’ve installed in the previous section. Unlike installing packages, this needs to be run every time and should only take a few seconds to run.
#### 2. Loading required packages ####
# This section needs to be run every time
# Load packages
bioconductor_packages <- c("VariantAnnotation", "biomaRt", "clusterProfiler", "org.Hs.eg.db")
cran_packages <- c("devtools", "tidyverse", "DT", "gt", "openxlsx", "dplyr", "scales", "ggplot2", "plotly", "tidyr", "ggsci", "viridis", "vcfR", "data.table", "remotes", "vegan")
lapply(cran_packages, require, character.only = TRUE)
lapply(bioconductor_packages, require, character.only = TRUE)
library(ampvis2)
Set your working directory
‘Working directory’ is an important concept in R. It defines where R automatically looks for data files and where it outputs results (tables, figures, etc).
To set your working directory, click ‘Session’ → ‘Set working directory’ → ‘Choose working directory’ and then choose the H:/meta_workshop/R_analysis directory.
Summary of DADA2 quality filtration
DADA2 is the main tool used by the nfcore/ampliseq workflow to examine taxonomy in amplicon datasets. It initially completes a series of quality filtration steps, including quality filtration, denoising and chimeric read removal.
As an initial task, we’re going to generate a table and figure that shows the percentage of reads were kept and removed in each filtration step. Percentage columns are the filtered, merged, and non-chimeric reads compared to the number of original, unfiltered reads. Thus the number of non-chimeric reads and percentage is the number and % of reads remaining after all filtration steps.
Copy, paste and run the following into your RStudio script:
#### 2. Summary of DADA2 quality filtration ####
## Make a summary table
# Import the DADA2 filtration summary information
dada <- read.table("../illumina/results/dada2/dada2_stats.tsv", sep = "\t", header = T)
# Calculate the filtration percentages and add as new columns
dada$percentage.of.input.passed.filter <- paste0(round((dada$filtered/dada$DADA2_input)*100,2), "%")
dada$percentage.of.input.denoised <- paste0(round((dada$denoised/dada$DADA2_input)*100,2), "%")
dada$percentage.of.input.non.chimeric <- paste0(round((dada$nonchim/dada$DADA2_input)*100,2), "%")
# Rearrange the columns and change the column names
dada <- dada[c(1,2,3,6,4,7,5,8)]
colnames(dada) <- c("Sample", "Unfiltered_reads", "Filtered", "%", "Denoised", "%", "Non-chimeric", "%")
# Export as a csv file
write.csv(dada, "DADA2_filtration.csv")
The final line in the above code box will write out the results as a table called DADA2_filtration.csv. It will write this out in your working directory (H:/meta_workshop/R_analysis). You can go there in Windows File Explorer and open the table in Excel.
Stacked bar plot of DADA2 filtration
Now we'll plot the DADA2 filtration results (filtered vs unfiltered reads) as a stacked barplot.
We'll do this using the ggplot package.
Run the following in your R script:
## Plot the summary results
# Pull out the required columns
dada_bp <- data.frame(dada$Sample, dada$Unfiltered_reads - dada$`Non-chimeric`, dada$`Non-chimeric`)
colnames(dada_bp) <- c("Sample", "Removed reads", "Remaining reads")
df <- tidyr::pivot_longer(dada_bp, cols =c("Removed reads", "Remaining reads"))
colnames(df) <- c("Sample", "Reads", "Read_count")
# Plot the DADA2 filtration results
p <- ggplot(df, aes(Sample, Read_count, fill=Reads)) + geom_bar(stat = "identity", position = 'stack')
p <- p + scale_fill_brewer(palette="Dark2") + ylab("Read count") + theme_bw() +
theme(text = element_text(size = 14), axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, size = 10))
p
The above will display the plot in RStudio.
You can also save your plot as a 300dpi (i.e. publication quality) tiff or pdf file. These files can be found in your working directory.
Tip: you can adjust the width and height of the saved images by changing width = and height = in the code below.
# Export as a 300dpi tiff tiff_exp <- "DADA2_summary.tiff" ggsave(file = tiff_exp, dpi = 300, compression = "lzw", device = "tiff", plot = p, width = 20, height = 20, units = "cm") # Export as a pdf pdf_exp <- "DADA2_summary.pdf" ggsave(file = pdf_exp, device = "pdf", plot = p, width = 20, height = 20, units = "cm")
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